Space is far bigger than humanity can conceive. Although our ancestors visually examined the skies to make sense of the Universe, space exploration in its truest sense is just a moment in this historical timeline, yet it is how we've significantly improved our understanding of the cosmos. Space Exploration begins with the evolution of astronomy, including notable characters, scientific breakthroughs and pinnacle moments. It delves into the development of robotic spacecraft and what uncrewed and crewed missions above and beyond our planet have uncovered. It questions how this knowledge will aid us in our future space endeavours, and the myriad questions that remain unanswered.

According to WHO 2012 report 347 million people worldwide have Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathological condition responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide and costing billions of dollars annually. Conventional insulin therapies involve multiple daily subcutaneous injections having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. A variety of alternative routes/methods have been investigated to improve systemic insulin delivery. Peroral and nasal insulin administrations have demonstrated good potential for the treatment of diabetes. In addition, pulmonary, buccal, and ocular insulin administration have been shown to decrease serum glucose concentrations. Other methods that have been investigated for their potential in systemic insulin delivery include rectal, vaginal, and uterine routes. This book is helpful to the medical and paramedical students and also researchers who work for the development of novel insulin drug delivery systems and devices.

Scientific Study from the year 2012 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: A, Nirma University, course: M.Sc., language: English, abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effect of low power (90 W) microwave radiation (2450 MHz) on microbial growth, enzyme activity (protease and urease), and aflatoxin production. Thermal effect was avoided by keeping inoculum in ice while treating with microwave (for varying duration i.e. 2, 4, and 6 min). After 6 min MW treatment to S. aureus, its growth was stimulated over control by 10%. Total protease activity in Aeromonas hydrophila witnessed a 33% decrease as compared to control after a microwave exposure of 2 min. Similar decrease of 24% in total protease activity of Candida albicans was observed after microwave exposure of 6 min. Staphylococcus aureus lost its urease activity completely after microwave treatment. Aflatoxin production was completely inhibited in Aspergillus parasiticus after microwave exposure of 2, 4, and 6 min. However, it required a 6 min microwave exposure for complete inhibition of aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus. Our results positively suggest existence of microwave specific non-thermal effect on microbial growth and metabolism.